Not sure how math/logic factors into this for you but the impossibility of proving a negative seems to apply here. It’s one of the basic bits of logic I teach patients (at least when they ask about reality testing, which is rare). I tell them it’s pretty near impossible to prove something doesn’t exist or didn’t happen, and that I find the best thing is to focus on what was most likely. It’s very rare I don’t find a very mundane reason for pretty much everything, and the few things I can’t there’s pretty much nothing I can do about anyway.
Black women especially. Up until recently it was actually taught in nursing and medical education that black people feel less pain for the same amount of emotion expressed (aka they’re exaggerating). It turns out when you assume a woman is exagerrating postpartum abdominal pain, that’s how she dies of a hemorrhage.
You all may also be interested to know that the “traditional” lithotomy position (laying back w legs up in the stirrups) is actually one of if not the worst position to give birth in. I put it in quotes because it’s not even actually traditional. As a preferred birthing position it only dates back to the 17th century (before that it was used for kidney stone removal, where the name lithotomy comes from). Before that women typically squatted, kneeled, or were on all fours. Lithotomy became popular because it was more accessible to the male physician, and because the French king at the time wanted to watch his wife give birth, and that was the position in which he could best watch. So… do with that information what you will.