But if they have an accurate title like “Rishi Sunak Mildly Insulted By Student” we might realize how much of a non story this is and not click. Won’t you think of their ad revenue?

I could be wrong, but I think XRD requires very pure crystals of sufficiently large size. That can help you ascertain the structure and composition of something you can synthesize and crystalize, but I don’t believe xrd can image specific regions of interest like single doping sites like this article talks about.

Synchrotron XRD also has a major drawback in having a very significant equipment requirement that requires being able send samples away for analysis at a dedicated facility. That puts limits on sample preparation and stability time, as well as sharing beam time with lots of other groups.

It’s been a while since I’ve read up on synchrotron xray diffraction though, so there could be workarounds for some of those limitation or I could be misremembering details.

These images are generated from processing many out of focus images while scanning across the area. They use the differences between the out of focus images to compute what must have caused those differences.

So this technique is pretty far from being able to capture real time events as it requires capturing hundreds of images to produce a single computed image. The paper talks about how thermal motion of the nuclei is what now dominates the limits of resolution for this method.

There are other ultrafast imaging techniques that can capture essentially real-time chemical reactions, but I believe those don’t come close to this spatial resolution.

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_stations

Plus the NRO has flown manned missions we only find out about decades later. So it wouldn’t surprise me if they have at least one classified station.

This sounds like a plot that Futurama Santa bot could get behind.

Not Mr. Fusion, but a modest industrial facility that could fit in an industrial park rather than the very large ITER which has its own complex. The ARC reactor design from commonwealth fusion is expected to have a major radius of 3.3m whereas ITER has a major radius of 6.2m. That might not sound like a big difference, but material costs and supporting systems cost roughly scale with volume which is a factor of 8 difference.

https://youtu.be/fKREB8IvCbs?t=25m33s

Here’s an old, but good talk on the motivation for this proof of concept. I linked the most relevant time, but the entire presentation is worth watching if you find it interesting.

Personally, I find this success to be way more exciting than the NIF breakeven shots. Those were neat milestones, but don’t get us closer to a feasible commercial design. This REBCO magnet demonstration makes commercial fusion a possibility in a timescale that could matter.

20 Kelvin, which still requires substantial cryogenic cooling systems but is much easier to maintain than 4 Kelvin liquid helium.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihydrogen

Anti hydrogen has been produced and detected in experiments. The energy transition levels are identical to normal hydrogen.

In a newtonian view, two particles orbit the center of mass of the combined system. Since protons are 1836 times as massive as electrons, the “orbit” center would be very close to the proton. So it’s a bit like asking what would happen if we swapped the earth and sun. The orbits would change position, but the earth would still orbit the shared center inside the sun at the same orbital radius. So it would look essentially the same as it is currently, just with the center of the system having been shifted by one au.

Clearly I’ve ignored all of quantum mechanics in this description, but the conclusion is the same. The nucleus and electron both have wavefunctions, but the mass difference makes the spread of the nucleus negligibly small compared to electron orbits. Swapping initial positions and momentum doesn’t really change the properties of the system.

Working up in size doesn’t work all that well in my experience for masonry bits. They don’t cut material, they pulverize it. Trying to run a larger bit through an existing hole is prone to jamming.

Can you get more connectors and a crimper and put on a new connector after running the cable through a smaller hole? That’s better for sealing anyway.

https://www.cern/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex

Yes, the maximum energy that a syncrotron can accelerate a beam to is determined by its size and field strength. There are multiple rings that are used to bring beams up in energy levels before feeding to the next. Each ring has many bunches of particles circulating. So each bunch has to be going close to the same speed. You wouldn’t want to do all the accelerating in one ring because it wouldn’t allow nearly continuous operation.

As for two intersecting points, the collisions involve colliding two beams. So there’s two different kicking/injecting points one for each direction.

https://cds.cern.ch/record/2002005/files/CERN-ACC-2015-030.pdf

Yeah, I have a hard time getting excited about a moderately more capable synchrotron and I have a Physics background. I’m not opposed to a larger synchroton, but I’m not confident that they’ll find anything particularly interesting like I was with the LHC.

Personally, I’d like to see a bigger effort to develop high energy plasma Wakefield accelerators. I think they have the potential to work with a wider variety of particles and shouldn’t need months of pump down and cooling after any interruption. Plus minitiaturization of plasma accelerators have the potential to be disruptive for medical applications.

Can the data generated be applied to making nachos with the perfect ratio of toppings to chips?

Fructose in particular causes liver damage at a much higher rate than other carbohydrates including glucose. It’s not as simple as excess calories.

There are more non-obese diabetics than obese diabetics. Yes, there’s a strong correlation between weight and diabetes, but that has more to do with metabolic disorders causing both weight gain and insulin resistance.

If you’d like to watch a presentation on the topic, this one by Robert Lustig is pretty good. www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDJsxw0uMLM

Avoiding gluten, dairy, or sugar really requires getting proficient at preparing all your meals from scratch. It’s a good skillset to develop, but there’s major hurdles. What are the chances that every single day you’re going to have the time and energy to cook 2 meals from raw ingredients instead of grabbing a box/freezer meal or takeout? It’s not a pure question of whether someone has the willpower to say no to a craving, they have to have the discipline to plan and prepare meals before they are hungry.

Absolute adherence to dietary restrictions is very difficult even when addiction isn’t a major component.

I do wonder if Biden should be drawing some lines that would trigger embargoes. I agree that there’s no winning, but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t be pushing toward minimizing bloodshed. Right now, we can’t trust Israel to have restraint in how they root out hamas.

When I did a couple events with habitat for humanity, I met a number of people highly involved in other local charities.

I think volunteering is a good way to meet people who regularly volunteer. That’s the crowd that is likely to know what all is going on in your area. Learning about organizations through volunteers will also give you a good idea for which groups are actually working with their community directly and which ones are more talk and less action.

So I would recommend finding a group to volunteer with to get started, and you can switch to causes that more closely align with your interests once you start making connections. Habitat for humanity, food banks, local environmental cleanup days are all easy to find just about everywhere.