§ɦṛɛɗɗịɛ ßịⱺ𝔩ⱺɠịᵴŧ

“I would rather have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned.” - Rich Feynman

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Joined 2 years ago
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Cake day: March 19th, 2022

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  • I’m a microbiologist and immunologist with a love for helping others understand the microscopic world around them. The portion of the research paper quoted below highlights why big business should be quite interested, as they can increase their profits. This is because not only can it be grown from “waste” products, but it’s also super resilient. The biofilms it’s evolved to mimic can only be treated via excision when they form in the human body today. But there are current studies going on right now using gold coated in a specific sugar which biofilms have an affinity for, and then a laser is used to excite the gold particle resulting in heat and movement, ultimately destroying the biofilm 🤯.

    “In carbon-rich media, these bacteria polymerize and secrete linear chains of glucose. These chains then self-assemble into a dense interconnected mesh of cellulose fibers. This cellulose mesh, called a pellicle, floats at the air–water interface and envelops and protects the growing cells, like a biofilm. Key to the industrial interest in bacterial cellulose (BC), it can be grown quickly, cheaply and sustainably—a BC pellicle can be grown in 7–14 days, in high yields (>10 g/L) and from waste feedstocks, such as rotten fruit juice, glycerol, and molasses. Additionally, BC has advanced material properties such as high tensile strength, high water-holding capacity and high purity. These features have led to interest in using BC in high-end acoustic devices, as a battery separator membrane, and in wound healing. The ease of growing BC has also led to BC becoming an attractive prototype biomaterial for some in design and fashion who seek to speculate on methods of sustainable textile production…We decided to engineer the biosynthesis of the dark melanin pigment, eumelanin, into K. rhaeticus [a specific bacterial species]. Eumelanin, a ubiquitous pigment found across biological kingdoms, is stable in high heat and over long time spans. Crucially, eumelanin has low water solubility, a property shared by many common dyes, such as indigo, that contributes to the color fastness of a pigment. Additionally, eumelanin also offers several other interesting properties, such as electrical conductivity, broadband light, and UV absorption and protection from ionizing radiation.”

    Edit: Here’s a link to the paper if you’re curious as well https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41587-024-02194-3


  • This product is made by bacteria though, truly they just get a safe place to live and all the nutrients they want, which sounds pretty sweet! However, every time humans take a dump after drinking a cup of coffee, bacteria are excreted from the microbiota, which results in most of the bacteria dying. That’s unless they can withstand the aerobic environment, UV radiation, nutrient scarcity, adverse temperatures, as well as desiccation. So, while this new leather alt product allows bacteria to thrive, your morning duce is where bacteria are murdered regularly regardless of your diet!



  • It’s not chemicals but unique cellular patters (like flagella, peptidoglycan, and LPS to name a few) which are recognized as not being apart of self. Training occurs before B and T Cells ever see a foreign pathogen. It occurs in the bone marrow for B Cells and in the Thymus for T Cells. The biggest aspect of training is not recognizing pathogens but actually not binding to self. This is what helps to prevent autoimmunity. Only a small percent of B and T Cells pass this training as their B and T Cell receptors are made entirely at random. So, even if a B or T Cell passes training, there’s a chance it’ll never be used as it doesn’t bind to a single pathogen epitope. Basically the production of our adaptive immune response is super energy intensive due to soo many cells failing training, plus another portion that pass not being useful for the pathogens we encounter. However, this process is also the reason a small percentage of folks were immune to COVID before ever encountering the virus thanks to the random nature of B and T Cell receptor formation. The immune system is super intriguing and it’s 100% my favorite subject to study!



  • The dark side here is a reference to the underside of the neuraminidase (NA) protein head. It’s a conserved region of the virus as, while influenza is notorious for it’s continuous mutations thanks to the segmented genome, a viral capsid and glycoproteins are always kept together during reassortment. So, if we can figure out how to make vaccines which target this conserved protein, it will function against most influenza strains, rather than having researchers make educated guesses as to which strains will be most prominent each flu season. Not as cool as start wars, but still super rad!!



  • I’ve never once met an unhoused human who stated they prefer life on the street. I have met some unhouse folks who made the choice, but this always aligned with living the van life, backpacking, or some drawn out international trips. Regardless, homelessness increased 12% last year. This is a massive increase and I’d bet the vast majority didn’t want this to take place as their hand was forced due to cost of living increases. In addition, nearly half of the homeless population is employed in the states, which is bonkers.

    While I hear what you’re saying, it’s equivalent to claiming wewe shouldn’t cure cancer cause some people choose cancer by smoking. In other words, while there are select few unhoused individuals who choose the path, a vast majority wish they had a home and feel abandoned by society. Especially as it becomes increasingly more “illegal” to be unable to afford rent on top of groceries, medical care, and transportation cost. The recent cost increases also make paying a fine instead of going to jail more unobtainable. It’s a vicious cycle being homeless, as no address prevents one from opening a bank account and also makes finding a better job very difficult.